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Caribbean reef shark
The Caribbean reef shark (''Carcharhinus perezii'') is a species of requiem shark, belonging to the family Carcharhinidae. It is found in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil, and is the most commonly encountered reef shark in the Caribbean Sea. With a robust, streamlined body typical of the requiem sharks, this species is difficult to tell apart from other large members of its family such as the dusky shark (''C. obscurus'') and the silky shark (''C. falciformis''). Distinguishing characteristics include dusky-colored fins without prominent markings, a short free rear tip on the second dorsal fin, and tooth shape and number.
Measuring up to long, the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem, feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods. They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves, unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark. If threatened, it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins. Like other requiem sharks, it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4–6 young every other year. Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat, leather, liver oil, and fishmeal, but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction. In the Bahamas and elsewhere, bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial "shark feedings". This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans. The shark attacks only happen usually in the spring/summer part of the year.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The Caribbean reef shark was originally described as ''Platypodon perezi'' by Felipe Poey in 1876, in the scientific journal ''Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural''. The type specimens were six individuals caught off the coast of Cuba. The genus ''Platypodon'' was synonymized with ''Carcharhinus'' by later authors.〔
Based on morphological similarities, Jack Garrick in 1982 grouped this species with the bignose shark (''C. altimus'') and the sandbar shark (''C. plumbeus''), while Leonard Compagno in 1988 placed it as the sister species of the grey reef shark (''C. amblyrhynchos''). A phylogenetic analysis based on allozyme data, published by Gavin Naylor in 1992, indicated that the Caribbean reef shark is the sister taxon to a clade formed by the Galapagos shark (''C. galapagensis''), dusky shark (''C. obscurus''), oceanic whitetip shark (''C. longimanus''), and the blue shark (''Prionace glauca''). However, more work is required to fully resolve the interrelationships within ''Carcharhinus''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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